Model Optimization Techniques

Optimization techniques help make models more efficient in terms of size, speed, and memory usage.

Hands-on Example: Quantizing a Model

from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
import torch
from torch.quantization import quantize_dynamic
import time

# Load a pre-trained model
model_name = "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)

# Prepare sample input
sample_text = "I really enjoyed this movie. The acting was superb and the plot was engaging."
inputs = tokenizer(sample_text, return_tensors="pt")

# Function to measure inference time
def measure_inference_time(model, inputs, num_runs=100):
    start_time = time.time()
    for _ in range(num_runs):
        with torch.no_grad():
            outputs = model(**inputs)
    end_time = time.time()
    return (end_time - start_time) / num_runs

# Measure original model performance
original_size = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters()) * 4 / 1024 / 1024  # Size in MB
original_time = measure_inference_time(model, inputs)

print(f"Original model size: {original_size:.2f} MB")
print(f"Original model average inference time: {original_time*1000:.2f} ms")

# Quantize the model
quantized_model = quantize_dynamic(
    model, {torch.nn.Linear}, dtype=torch.qint8
)

# Measure quantized model performance
quantized_size = sum(p.numel() for p in quantized_model.parameters()) * 1 / 1024 / 1024  # Approximation
quantized_time = measure_inference_time(quantized_model, inputs)

print(f"Quantized model size: {quantized_size:.2f} MB")
print(f"Quantized model average inference time: {quantized_time*1000:.2f} ms")
print(f"Size reduction: {(1 - quantized_size/original_size)*100:.2f}%")
print(f"Speed improvement: {(1 - quantized_time/original_time)*100:.2f}%")

# Check accuracy
with torch.no_grad():
    original_output = model(**inputs).logits
    quantized_output = quantized_model(**inputs).logits

original_prediction = torch.argmax(original_output, dim=1).item()
quantized_prediction = torch.argmax(quantized_output, dim=1).item()

print(f"Original model prediction: {original_prediction}")
print(f"Quantized model prediction: {quantized_prediction}")
print(f"Predictions match: {original_prediction == quantized_prediction}")

This example demonstrates dynamic quantization, which reduces model size and improves inference speed with minimal impact on accuracy.

Try It Yourself:

  1. Try quantization with different models and tasks to see how it affects performance.
  2. Experiment with other optimization techniques like pruning and knowledge distillation.
  3. Use the optimum library from Hugging Face for more advanced optimization techniques.

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